Anmerkungen
Anmerk Kap 6 Anmerk Kap 7 Anmerk Kap 8
1. Attentate auf Führer
310
1 Vgl. Lloyd deMause: Reagan's America. New York: Creative Roots 1984, S. 1-5.
2 Sämtliche Präsidentenreden, die in diesem Buch zitiert sind, entstammen dem Weekly Transcript of Presidential Documents.
3 Lloyd deMause and Henry Ebel (Hg.): Jimmy Carter and American Fantasy: Psychohistorical Explorations. New York: Two Continents 1977.
4 Vgl. Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots 1982, S. 172-243. Kein amerikanischer Krieg begann im ersten Amtsjahr irgendeines Präsidenten, ausgenommen vielleicht Abraham Lincolns, doch in Wirklichkeit gab es die ersten militärischen Aktivitäten des Bürgerkrieges und der Abspaltung von sieben Südstaaten, noch bevor er inauguriert war, somit begann der Krieg bereits während der Endphase der Präsidentschaft James Buchanans.
5 William L. O'Neill: Coming Apart: An Informal History of America in the 1960's. Chicago: Quadrangle Books 1971, S. 69; Robert S. Thompson: The Missiles of October: The Declassi-fied Story of John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Simon and Schuster 1992; C. David Heymann: RFK: A Candid Biography of Robert F. Kennedy. New York: Dut-ton 1998.
6 Harris Wofford: Of Kennedys and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux 1980, S. 292.
7 DeMause: Foundations, S. 216-220.
8 U. S. News & World Report, 25. Februar 1963, S. 31.
9 U. S. News & World Report, 17. Dezember 1962, S. 54.
10 Michael Beschloss: The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Krushchev, 1960-1963. New York: Edward Burlingame Books 1991, S. 381.
11 Ebda., S. 641.
12 Time, 22. November 1963, S. 1.
13 Delaware State News, 18. Oktober 1963, zit. in: William Manchester: The Death of a President: November 20-November 25, 1963. New York: Harper & Row 1967, S. 46.
14 Zum unbewussten Verhältnis zwischen Attentätern und deren Opfern vgl. Charles W. Soca-rides: »Why Sirhan Killed Kennedy: Psychoanalytic Speculations on an Assassination«, The Journal of Psychohistory 6 (1979): 447-460; und James W. Hamilton: »Some Observations on the Motivations of Lee Harvey Oswald«, The Journal of Psychohistory 14 (1986): 43-54.
15 Manchester: The Death of a President, S. 39.
16 Beschloss: The Crisis Years, S. 665.
17 Wofford: Of Kennedys and Kings, S. 343.
18 Aaron Latham: »The Dark Side of the American Dream«, Rolling Stone, 5. August 1982, S. 18.
19 Robert MacNeil (Hg.): The Way We Were: 1963 - The Year Kennedy Was Shot. New York: CarroU & Graf Publications 1988, S. 185.
20 Manchester: The Death of a President, S. 121.
21 Gus Russo: Live By the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK. Baltimore: Bancroft Press 1998, S. 291.
22 Ebda.
23 Doris Kearns Goodwin: The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys. New York: Simon and Schuster 1987; Thomas C. Reeves: A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy. New York: The Free Press 1991; Nancy Clinch: The Kennedy Neurosis: A Psychological Portrait of an American Dynasty. New York: Grosset 1973.
24 MacNeil: The Way We Were, S. 189.
25 »The Men Who Killed the President«, The History Channel, 19. Juni 1996.
26 Diese Periode wird als »introvertierte Phase« der amerikanischen Geschichte bezeichnet in: Jack E. Holmes: The Mood/Interest Theory of American Foreign Policy. Lexington: The Uni-versity Press of Kentucky 1985, S. 32.
27 Andere Attentatsversuche während friedlicher Perioden nebst jenen auf Kennedy, Lincoln und Jackson waren die auf Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933, und Gerald Ford, 1975, beide zu friedlichen Zeiten; nur Harry S. Truman wurde im Jahre 1950 während einer militärischen Aktion erschossen.
28 New York Post, 8. Januar 1980, S. 3; Village Voice, 25. Februar 1980, S. 16.
29 Zur Aufregung der Medien und Meinungsumfragen zur Iraninvasion vgl. deMause: Reagan's America, S. 28-35, und deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 304-310.
30 Vgl. Frank Browning: »Nobody's Soft on Crime Anymore«, Mother Jones, August 1982, S. 25-31; Christopher Jencks: »Is Violent Crime Increasing?«, The American Prospect, Winter 1991, S. 96-106.
31 Vgl. Robert Finen und Jonathan Glass: »Two Student Views«, The Journal of Psychohistory 11 (1983): 113, worin sie berichten, dass »Studierende einer Fantasie von Reagans Tod in den Medien auf der Spur waren. ... [Als] die Nachricht kam: Schießerei in Washington! stand ich unter Schock. Dies war, in weniger als einer Woche, die Bestätigung einer psychohisto-rischen Voraussage!«
32 Latham: »The Dark Side of the American Dream«, S. 54.
2 Der Golfkrieg als emotionale Störung
1 Die beste Einzelstudie stammt von Glenn David: Childhood and History in America. New York: Psychohistory Press 1976. Für Bibliographien von psychobiographischen Studien vgl. Henry Lawton: The Psychohistorian's Handbook. New York: Psychohistory Press 1988, S. 161-176.
2 Vgl. Paul H. Elovitz: »Three Days in Plains« und David Beisel: »Toward a Psychohistory of Jimmy Carter«, in: Lloyd deMause und Henry Ebel (Hg.): Jimmy Carter and American Fan-tasy: Psychohistorical Explorations. New York: Two Continents 1977, S. 33-96.
3 Ronald Reagan: Where's the Rest of Me? New York: Karz Publishers 1981, S. 9 und 11.
4 Vgl. die umfassende Psychobiographie Reagans in: Lloyd deMause: Reagans America. New York: Creative Roots 1984, S. 36-50.
5 Suzy T. Kane: »What the Gulf War Reveals About George Bush's Childhood«, The Journal of Psychohistory 20 (1992): 149-166.
6 Barbara T. Toessner: »Obedience, Diligence, and Fun: Bush's Extraordinary Family Life.« Jacksonville, Florida, Times Union, 15. Januar 1989, S. A3. Vgl. auch J. Hyams: Flight of the Avenger: George Bush at War. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1991.
7 Gail Sheehy: Character: America's Search for Leadership. New York: William Morrow & Co. 1988, S. 160.
8 Vgl. deMause: Foundations, S. 172-243.
9 »Is Peace Really Breaking Out All Over?«, Newsweek, 1. August 1988.
10 David R. Beisel: »Europe's Feelings of Collapse 1990-1993«, The Journal of Psychohistory 21 (1993): 133.
11 New York Times, 3. März 1990, S. Dl.
12 New York Times, 2. Januar 1990, S. Dil; New York Post, 26. April 1990, S. 4; Washington Post, 2. Oktober 1990, S. A19.
13 Lloyd deMause: »It's Time to Sacrifice ... Our Children«, The Journal of Psychohistory 18 (1990): 135-144.
14 Benjamin J. Stein: »Our Man in Nirvana«, New York Times, 22. Januar 1992, S. A21.
15 Washington Post, 5. Oktober 1992, S. A8.
16 Das Resultat der Steuerzunahme von 165 Mrd. Dollar war, dass die Steuereinnahmen herabgesetzt wurden und das Defizit 1991 auf den höchsten Stand der amerikanischen Geschichte getrieben wurde, nämlich 385 Milliarden was viel mehr war als das erwartete Defizit von 63 Milliarden ein Irrtum also von 322 Milliarden; vgl. Lewis H. Lapham: »Notebook: Washington Phrase Book«, Harper's Magazine, Oktober 1993, S. 9; vgl. Dean Baker: »Depres-sing Our Way to Recovery«, The American Prospect, Winter 1994, S. 108-114.
17 Diese Redewendung stammt von der »Federal Reserve« aus dem Jahr 1929, zit. in: William Greider: Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country. New York: Simon und Schuster 1987, S. 300. Der einzige Ökonom, der das Senkungsvorhaben des Budgetverfahrens von 1991 erkannte, war Robert Eisner: The Misunderstood Economy: What Counts and How to Count It. Boston: Harvard Business School Press 1994, S. 83.
18 Sigmund Freud: »Traumdeutung«, Studienausgabe, Bd. II, Fischer Verlag 1982, S. 277.
19 Vgl. Lloyd deMause: »>Heads and Tailsc Money As a Poison Container«, The Journal of Psychohistory 16 (1988): 1-18.
20 William Greider: »The Shadow Debate on the American Economy«, Rolling Stone, 14.-28. Juli, S. 85.
21 Vgl. Kapitel 7: »The Poison Builds Up: There's a Virus in Our Bloodstream«, in: deMause: Reagan's America, S. 114-135.
22 Paul Blustein: »Squeeze Play: The Slump We Need Has Started«, Washington Post, 7. Februar 1988, S. Cl; Maxwell Newton: »Fed Must Move to Stern Growth in U. S. Economy«, New York Post, 26. Januar 1988, S. 35; »The Inevitable Tax Hike«, U. S. News & World Report, 11. Juli 1988, S. 17; Greider: »The Shadow Debate«, Rolling Stone, S. 85.
23 Paul Volcker, zit. in: Greider: Secrets of the Temple, S. 70.
24 Washington Post, 26. November 1990, S. Bl.
25 Henry Allen: »America, the Bummed«, Newsday, 4. Dezember 1990, S. 82.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 2 313
26 John Toland: The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945. New York: Random House 1970, S. 112.
27 Vgl. David Beisel: The Suicidal Embrace: Hitler, The Allies and The Origins of the Second World War, erscheint in Kürze. Es handelt sich um die am vollständigsten dokumentierte Studie über die emotionale Basis von Nationen, die in den Krieg ziehen.
28 U. S. Army Chief of Staff Carl Vuono, zit. in: Rick Atkonson: Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1993, S. 273.
29 Lawrence E. Stagher: »The Rite of Child Sacrifice at Carthage«, in: John Griffiths Pedley (Hg.): New Light on Ancient Carthage: Papers of a Symposium. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1980, S. 4 und 6.
30 Christopher Jencks: »Is Violent Crime Increasing?«, The American Prospect, Winter 1994, S. 98-107; Richard Morin: »Crime Time: The Fear, The Facts.«, Washington Post, 30. Januar 1994, S. Cl.
31 Miles Harvey: »Hollywood's mega-monster horror hits and misses«, In These Times, 20.-26. März 1991, S. 22-25.
32 Lloyd deMause: »It's Time to Sacrifice ... Our Children«, S. 142.
33 Lloyd deMause: »The Gulf War as a Mental Disorder«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 1-22; vgl. ebenso die anderen Artikel in dieser »Special Gulf War«-Ausgabe (Herbst 1990) des Journal.
34 Murray Waas und Craig Unger: »In the Loop: Bush's Secret Mission«, New Yorker, 2. November 1992, S. 64-84; Kenneth Timmerman: The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq. New York: Houghton Mifflin 1992; Alan Friedman: Spider's Web: The Secret History of How the White House Illegally Armed Iraq. New York: Bantam Books 1993.
35 »Iraqgate«, U. S. News & World Report, 18. Mai 1992, S. 42-51; »Did Bush Create This Monster?«, Time, 8. Juni 1992, S. 41-42; Stephen Pizzo: »Covert Plan«, Mother Jones, Juli/ August 1992, S. 20-22.
36 Alan Friedman: »The President Was Very, Very Mad«, New York Times, 7. November 1993, S. E15; Friedman: Spider's Web.
37 Ebda.
38 Anna Aragno: »Master of His Universe«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 96-108; Peter Waldman: »A Tale Emerges of Saddam's Origins that Even He May Not Have Known«, The Wall Street Journal, 7. Februar 1991, S. A10; Gail Sheehy: »How Saddam Survived«, Va-nity Fair, August 1991, S. 31-53; J. Miller and L. Mylroie: Saddam Hussein and the Crisis in the Gulf. New York: Times Books, Random House 1990.
39 Ramsey Clark: The Fire This Time: U. S. War Crimes in the Gulf. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press 1992, S. 12-16.
40 Ebda., S. 15.
41 Ebda.
42 Jonathan Vankin: Conspiracies, Cover Ups, and Crimes: Political Manipulation and Mind Con-trol in America. New York: Paragon House Publishers 1991, S. 203.
43 Peter Mantius: »Iraqgate: Shell Game«, In These Times, 22. Januar 1996, S. 28.
44 Ebda., S. 23; vgl. Clarks Darstellung, wie Glaspie den Kongress darüber belog, was sie zu Hussein sagte, S. 24.
45 New York Times, 25. Oktober 1992, S. AI.
46 Ebda.; New York Times, 23. September 1990, S. L18 und L19; Washington Post, 19. September 1990, S. A19; Paul A. Gigot: »A Great American Screw-Up: The U.S. and Iraq, 1980-1990«, The National Interest, Winter 1990/91, S. 3-10.
47 Ramsey Clark: War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq. Washington, DC: Maisonneuve Press 1992, S. 67.
48 Jean Edward Smith: George Bush's War. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1992, S. 64.
49 Robert B. McFarland: »War Hysteria and Group-Fantasy in Colorado«, Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 36; Smith: George Bush's War, S. 7-8.
50 Smith: George Bush's War, S. 68.
51 deMause: »It's Time to Sacrifice«, S. 143.
52 The New Republic, 3. September 1990, S. 9.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 2 314
53 Ben Wattenberg: »Thanks Saddam. We Needed That«, New York Post, 17. Januar 1991, S. 8.
54 Theodore Draper: »The True History of the Gulf War«, The New York Review of Books, 30. Januar 1992, S. 41.
55 Diese Irreführung wird ausführlich beschrieben in: Clark: The Fire This Time, S. 31-32, und in: John R. MacArthur: »Remember Nayirah, Witness for Kuwait?«, New York Times, 6. Januar 1991, S. A17.
56 Ebda.
57 deMause: »America's Search for a Fighting Leader«, S. 122-123.
58 deMause: »Gulf War«, S. 12-14; deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 244-332.
59 Burr C. Brundage: The Fifth Sun: Aztec Gods, Aztec World. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press 1979; Patricia R. Anawalt: »Understanding Aztec Human Sacrifice«, Archaeology 35 (1982): 38-45; Elizabeth P. Benson und Elizabeth H. Boone (Hg.): Ritual Human Sacrifice in MesoAmerica. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library 1985; Burr C. Brundage: The Jade Steps: A Ritual Life of the Aztecs. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press 1985.
60 Details dieses Kampfrituals sind dokumentiert in: Theodore H. Gaster: Thespis: Ritual, Myth and Drama in the Ancient Near East. New York: Harper and Row, o. J.; Valerio Valeri: Kings-hip and Sacrifice: Ritual and Society and Ancient Hawaii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1985; Brundage: The Jade Steps; deMause: »Gulf War«, S. 12-14.
61 Für den Zusammenhang der beiden Gehirnhälften mit den Aspekten, einen Krieg zu beginnen, vgl. Kapitel 6.
62 Valeri: Kingship and Sacrifice, S. 165.
63 deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 1-83.
64 New York Post, 11. Juni 1991, S. 16; WABC-TV, 28. Februar 1991; Washington Post, 24. Februar 1991, S. A26.
65 Rafael Patai: The Arab Mind. New York: Charles Scribners Sons 1983; The Wall Street Journal, 7. Februar 1991, S. AI; New York Times, 7. Januar 1991, S. AI.
66 New York Times, 11. Oktober 1994, S. A13.
67 New York Post, 11. August 1990, S. 3; New York Newsday, 12. Januar 1991, S. 10.
68 New York Post, 17. Januar 1991, S. 31.
69 Ramsey Clark: The Children Are Dying. Washington, DC: Maisonneuve Press 1996, S. 113.
70 New York Times, 16. Januar 1991, S. AI und 18. Januar 1991, S. AI.
71 David Roth: Sacred Honor: The Biography of Colin Powell. Zondervan Books 1993; Howard Means: Colin Powell: A Biography. Ballantine Books 1992.
72 Jean Edward Smith: George Bush's War, S. 8; Rick Atkinson: Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1993, S. 347-348.
73 George Bush: A World Transformed. New York: Knopf 1998, S. 201.
74 Bob Woodward: Shadow: Five Presidents and the Legacy of Watergate. New York: Simon & Schuster 1999, S. 185.
75 Ebda., S. 187.
76 Ramsey Clark: War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq. Washington, DC: Maisonneuve Press 1992, S. 15.
77 Ebda., S. 17.
78 U. S. Bomben trafen 28 zivile Krankenhäuser, 52 öffentliche Gesundheitszentren, 676 Schulen und 56 Moscheen; vgl. Clark: The Fire This Time, S. 66. Zur psychohistorischen Rolle des amerikanischen Fernsehens vgl. Daniel Dervin: »From Oily War to Holy War: Vicissitudes of Group-Fantasy Surrounding the Persian Gulf Crisis«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 67-83.
79 Elizabeth Drew: »Letter from Washington«, New Yorker, 6. Mai 1991, S. 101.
80 Ebda., S. 69.
81 David Barsamian: »Iraq: The Impact of Sanctions and U.S. Policy«, Z Magazine, Juli/August 1999, S. 44-45.
82 WCBS-TV, 21. Januar 1991.
83 The Nation, 14. Dezember 1998, S. 5.
84 Ramsey Clark: The Children Are Dying. Washington DC: Maisonneuve Press 1996.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 2 315
85 »Weapons of Mass Destruction«, War Watch, November/Dezember 1991, S. 1-10; Kane: »What the Gulf War Reveals About George Bush's Childhood«, S. 140-149; Robert Reno: »Heck, Let's Drop a Few More if the Allies Are Buying«, New York Newsday, 16. Mai 1991, S. 50; William M. Arkin: »The Gulf >Hyperwar< - An Interim Tally«, New York Times, 22. Juni 1991, S. 23; Nina Burleigh: »Watching Children Starve to Death«, Time, 10. Juni 1991, S. 56; Ross B. Mirkarimi: »Disease, despair, destruction still plague Iraq«, In These Times, 10.-23. Juni 1992, S. 10; Clark: The Fire This Time, S. 43; Draper: »The True History of the Gulf War«, S. 36-45.
86 Die U. S. Regierung verwendete illegale Blockademethoden gegen die Zivilbevölkerungen von Kuba, Panama, Libyen, Iran, Vietnam, Nicaragua und Korea sowie des Irak.
87 Julia Devin, geschäftsführende Direktorin der internationalen Kommission für »Medical Neu-trality", 13. November 1991, zit. in: Draper: »True History of the Gulf War«, S. 40.
88 Ann McFeatters: »The Good Guys Won, and America's Can-do Spirit Was Restored«, Chicago Tribüne, 1. März 1991.
89 Noam Chomsky: Chomsky on MisEducation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers 2000, S. 33.
90 »60 Minutes«, WCBS-TV, 23. Mai 1996.
3 Kindheitsursachen des Terrorismus
1 Soraya Altorki: Women in Saudi Arabia: Ideology and Behavior Among the Elite. New York: Columbia University Press 1986, S. 30; Mazharul Haq Khari: Purdah and Polygamy: A Study in the Social Pathology of the Muslim Society. Peshawar Cantt.: Nashiran-e-Ilm-o-Taraqiyet 1972, S. 91.
2 Mona AlMunajjed: Women in Saudi Arabia Today. New York: St. Martin's Press 1997, S. 45.
3 The New York Times, 19. Oktober 2001, S. A19.
4 Jan Goodwin: Price of Honor: Muslim Women Lift the Veil of Silence on the Islamic World. Boston: Little, Brown 1994, S. 43.
5 Hanny Lightfoot-Klein: Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey into Female Genital Circumcision in Africa. New York: Harrington Park Press 1989, S. 9, 38, 39.
6 Ebda., S. 81.
7 Nawal El Saadawi: The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World. Boston: Beacon Press 1980, S. 34; für zusätzliche Hinweise vgl. Lloyd deMause: »The Universality of Incest«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 157-164.
8 Cathy Joseph: »Compassionate Accountability: An Embodied Consideration of Female Genital Mutilation«, The Journal of Psychohistory 24 (1996): 5; Lindy Williams und Teresa So-bieszczyk: »Attitudes Surrounding the Continuation of Female Circumcision in the Sudan: Passing the Tradition to the Next Generation«, Journal of Marriage and the Family 59 (1997): 996; Jean P. Sasson: Princess: A True Story of Life Behind the Veil in Saudi Arabia. New York: Morrow 1992, S. 137; http://www.path.org/Files/FGM-The-Facts.htm.
9 Mona AlMunajjed: Women in Saudi Arabia Today, S. 14.
10 Ebda., S. 13.
11 Eleanor Abdella Doumato: Getting God's Ear: Women, Islam and Healing in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. New York: Columbia University Press 2000, S. 23, 85; Peter Parkes: »Kalasha Domestic Society«, in: Hastings Donnan und Frits Seher (Hg.): Family and Gender in Pakistan: Domestic Organization in a Muslim Society. New Delhi: Hindustan Publishing Corp. 1997, S. 46; Jan Goodwin: Price of Honor, S. 52.
12 Muhammad M. HajYahia und Safa Tamish: »The Rates of Child Sexual Abuse and Its Psycho-logical Consequences as Revealed by a Study Among Palestinian University Students«, Child Abuse and Neglect 25 (2001): 1303-1327. Verglichen mit vergleichbaren schriftlichen Ergebnissen anderer Bereiche bedürfen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie einer Zustimmung, die auf einen extremen Widerstand zurückzuführen ist, den Missbrauch zuzugeben, was ihr Leben ernsthaft in Gefahr bringen könnte (S. 1305); bei Problemen der Interpretation von Formen sexuellen Missbrauchs vgl. Lloyd deMause: »The Universality of Incest«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 123-165 (zur Gänze auf www.psychohistory.com).
13 Deborah Ellis: Women of the Afghan War. London: Praeger 2000, S. 141.
14 S. Tamish: Misconceptions About Sexuality and Sexual Behavior in Palestinian Society. Ramallah: The Tamer Institute for Community Education 1996.
15 »Women's Woes«, The Economist, 14. August 1999, S. 32.
16 MSNBC, 4. Oktober 2001.
17 Mazharul Haq Khari: Purdah and Polygamy, S. 107.
18 Samra Fayyazuddin, Anees JiUani, Zarina Jillani: The State of Pakistan's Children 1997. Islamabad Pakistan: Spare 1998, S. 46.
19 Ebda., S. 47.
20 Ebda., S. 51.
21 Allen Edwardes: The Cradle of Erotica. New York: Julian Press 1963, S. 40.
22 Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia und Safa Tamish: »The Rates of Child Sexual Abuse ...«, S. 1320; Fatna A. Sabbah: Woman in the Muslim Unconscious. New York: Pergamon Press 1984, S. 28.
23 Samuel M. Zwemer: Childhood in the Moslem World, S. 104; Hilma Natalia Granqvist: Child Problems Among the Arabs: Studies in a Muhammadän Village in Palestine. Helsingfors: So-derstrom 1950, S. 102-107.
24 Soraya Altorki: Women in Saudi Arabia: Ideology and Behavior among the Elite. New York: Columbia University Press 1986, S. 72-76.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 3 317
25 Lloyd deMause: »The Evolution of Childrearing«, The Journal of Psychohistory 28 (2001): 362-451.
26 Time, 22. Oktober 2001, S. 56.
27 Jan Goodwin: Price of Honor, S. 64.
28 MSNBC, 1. Oktober 2001.
29 Benjamin R. Barber: Jihad vs. McWorld. New York: Ballantine Books 1995, S. 207.
30 The New York Times, 13. Oktober 2001, S. A15.
31 Yossef Bodansky: Bin Laden: The Man Who Declared War on America. Rocklin: Forum 1999, S. 3.
32 Ebda., S. 4.
33 »60 Minutes«, 23. September 2001.
34 Joseph Lelyveld: »A11 Suicide Bombers Are Not Alike«, New York Times Magazine, 28. Oktober 2001, S. 50.
35 The New York Times, 22. Oktober 2001, S. B4.
36 Robert B. McFarland und John Fanton: »Moving Towards Utopia: Prevention of Child Abuse*, The Journal of Psychohistory 24 (1997): 320-331.
37 Lloyd deMause: »War as Righteous Rape and Purification*, The Journal of Psychohistory 27 (2000): 407-438.
4 Die Wiederauffuhrung friiher Traumata in Krieg und sozialer Gewalt
1 Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1971, S. 59.
2 Norbert Bromberg und Verna Volz Small: Hitler's Psychopathology. New York: International Universities Press 1983.
3 Alice Miller: For Your Own Good: Hidden Cruelty in Child-Rearing and the Roots of Violence. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux 1983, S. 152; George Victor: Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington: Brassey's 1998, S. 29.
4 Bromberg and Small: Hitler's Psychopathology, S. 137 und 280.
5 John Toland: Adolf Hitler. New York: Doubleday 1976, S. 176.
6 Victor: Hitler: The Pathology of Evil, S. 128.
7 Hitler: Mein Kampf, S. 388.
8 Ebda., S. 59-60.
9 Bromberg und Small: Hitler's Psychopathology, S. 281.
10 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots 1982, S. 48-59; Lloyd deMause: »Schreber and the History of Childhood«, Journal of Psychohistory 15 (1987): 426-427; Aurel Ende: »Battering and Neglect: Children in Germany, 1860-1978«, Journal of Psychohistory 7 (1980): 249-279; Aurel Ende: »Bibliography on Childhood and Youth in Germany from 1820-1978«, Journal of Psychohistory 7 (1980): 281-287; Aurel Ende: »Children in History: A Personal Review of the Past Decade's Published Research«, Journal of Psychohistory 11 (1983): 65-88.
11 Klaus Theweleit: Mannerphantasien. Vol. 2. Male Bodies: Psychoanalyzing the White Terror. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1989, S. 12.
12 Bromberg and Small: Hitler's Psychopathology, S. 24.
13 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 172-243.
14 Simon Schama: Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1989, S. 73.
15 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 244-317.
16 K. Codell Carter: »On the Decline of Bloodletting in Nineteenth Century Medicine«, The Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology 5 (1982): 221.
17 Michael C. C. Adams: The Great Adventure: Male Desire and the Coming of World War I. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press 1990, S. 57.
18 Ebda., S. 51.
19 Ebda., S. 61.
20 Juha Siltala: »Prenatal Fantasies During the Finnish Civil War«, The Journal of Psychohistory 22 (1995): 486.
21 Burr Cartwright Brundage: The Fifth Sun: Aztec Gods, Aztec World. Austin: University of Texas Press 1979.
22 Ebda., S. 487.
23 Michael C. C. Adams: The Great Adventure, S. 55.
24 Ebda., S. 53.
25 Lloyd deMause: »The Gulf War as a Mental Disorder«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 1-23.
26 Miriam Robbins Dexter: Whence the Goddesses: A Source Book. New York: Pergamon Press 1990; Paul Friedrich: The Meaning of Aphrodite. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1978.
27 James A. Aho: Religious Mythology and the Art of War: Comparative Religious Symbolisms of Military Violence. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1981; Wolfgang Lederer: The Fear of Women. New York: Grune & Stratton 1968, S. 58.
28 Use Kirk: »Images of Amazons: Marriage and Matriarchy«, in: Sharon Macdonald, Pat Hol-den und Shirley Ardener (Hg.): Images of Women in Peace and War. Houndmills: Macmillan Education 1987, S. 27-39.
29 Burr Cartwright Brundage: The Fifth Sun, S. 201; Margaret Ehrenberg: Women in Prehistory. London: British Museum Publications 1989, S. 163.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 4 319
30 Joan Haslep: Marie Antoinette. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1987; Lynn Hunt: »The Many Bodies of Marie Antoinette: Political Pornography and the Problem of the Feminine in the French Revolution« und Vivian Cameron: »Political Exposures: Sexuality and Caricature in the French Revolution^ in: Lynn Hunt (Hg.): Eroticism and the Body Politic. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1991, S. 109-130; Simon Schama: Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1989, S. 203-227; Terry Castle: »Marie Antoinette Obsession«, Representations 38 (1992): 1-38; Madelyn Gutwirth: The Twilight of the Goddesses. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 1992, S. 136-200.
31 Lynn Hunt: »The Many Bodies of Marie Antoinettes S. 122-123; Simon Schama: Citizens, S. 796.
32 Richard Grenier: »Killer Bimbos«, Commentary, September 1991; »Kiss Kiss Slash Slash«, Newsweek, 23. Marz 1992.
33 New York Post, 16. Juni 1986, S. 4.
34 James A. Aho: Religious Mythology and the Art of War: Comparative Religious Symbolisms of Military Violence. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1981, S. 21-23.
35 John Bierhorst (Hg.): The Hungry Woman: Myths and Legends of the Aztecs. New York: William Morrow 1984, S. 10.
36 Bruce Lincoln: Death, War, and Sacrifice: Studies in Ideology and Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1991, S. 13.
37 Preben Meulengracht Sorensen: The Unmanly Man: Concepts of Sexual Defamation in Early Northern Society. Odense: Odense University Press 1983, S. 82; Allen Edwardes: Erotica Ju-daica: A Sexual History of the Jews. New York: Julian Press 1967, S. 69-76.
38 Martin van Creveld: The Transformation of War. New York: The Free Press 1991, S. 179.
39 Sidney Halpern: »The Mother-killer«, The Psychoanalytic Review 52 (1965): 73.
40 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 90-102, 244-332.
41 Nancy Huston: »The Matrix of War: Mothers and Heroes«, in: Susan Rubin Suleiman: The Female Body in Western Culture: Contemporary Perspectives. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1986, S. 133.
42 Ralph H. Lutz: Fall of the German Empire 1914-1918: Documents of the German Revolution. Vol. I. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1932, S. 13.
43 Jeremy Noakes and Geoffrey Pridham (Hg.): Documents on Nazism, 1919-1945. London: Jonathan Cape 1974, S. 37; Robert Wistrich: Hitler's Apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi Legacy. New York: St. Martin's Press 1985, S. 134.
44 Philip E. Slater: The Glory of Hera: Greek Mythology and the Greek Family. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1968, S. 95.
45 Fur weitere Beispiele zum fotalen Drama vgl. Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 261-282.
46 J. R. Davidson: »The Shadow of Life: Psychosocial Explanations for Placenta Rituals«, Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 9 (1985): 75-92.
47 Albertus Magnus, zit. in: Julia O'Faolain und Lauro Martines (Hg.): Not in God's Image. New York: Harper & Row 1973, S. 124.
48 A. Stevens: Archetype: A Natural History of the Self. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1982, S. 129.
49 Sigmund Freud: »Traumdeutung«, Studienausgabe, Bd. II, Fischer Verlag, 1982, S. 391.
50 Otto Rank: The Trauma of Birth. New York: Richard Brunner 1952; Otto Rank: The Myth of the Birth of the Hero and Other Writings. New York: Random House 1932.
51 In: Collected Papers: Through Paediatrics to Psycho-analysis. New York: Basic Books 1958, S. 174-193.
52 Donald W. Winnicott: Human Nature. London: Free Association Books 1988, S. 149.
53 Collected Papers, S. 177-178.
54 Ebda., S. 249-250.
55 Nandor Fodor: The Search for the Beloved: A Clinical Investigation of the Trauma of Birth and Prenatal Condition. New Hyde Park, NY: University Books 1949; Francis J. Mott: The Universal Design of Creation. Edenbridge: Mark Beech 1964; Francis J. Mott: Mythology of the Prenatal Life. London: Integration Publishing Co. 1960; Arnaldo Rascovsky: El Psiquis-
320 Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 4
mo Fetal. Buenos Aires: Editorial Paidos 1977; Stanislav Grof: Realms of the Human Unconscious: Observations from LSD Research. New York: Viking Press 1975; Stanislav Grof: Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death and Transcendence in Psychotherapy. Albany: State University of New York 1985; Arthur Janov: The Primal Scream: Primal Therapy - The Cure for Neurosis. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1970; Thomas R. Verny und John Kelley: The Secret Life of the Unborn Child. New York: Summit Books 1981; Thomas R. Verny (Hg.): Pre- and Perinatal Psychology: An Introduction. New York: Human Sciences Press 1987; Peter Fedor-Freybergh und M. L. Vanessa Vogel (Hg.): Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine: Encounter With the Unborn. Carnforth: the Parthenon Publishing Group 1988; Ludwig Janus: Wie die Seele entsteht: unser psychisches Leben vor und nach der Geburt. Hamburg: Hoffman und Cam-pe 1991.
56 Calvin S. Hall: »Prenatal and Birth Experiences in Dreams«, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 1 (1967): 157-174.
57 Lynda Share: If Someone Speaks, It Gets Lighter: Dreams and the Reconstruction of Infant Trauma. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press 1994.
58 K. Mark Sossin: »Pre- and Postnatal Repercussions of Handicapping Conditions Upon the Narcissistic Line of Development*, Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Journal 7 (1993): 197.
59 The International Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine and Pre- and Peri-Natal Psychology Journal. Fur sehr gute neuere Bibliographien vgl. M. Maiwald und L. Janus: »Development, Behavior and Psychic Experience in the Prenatal Period and the Consequences for Life History: A Bibliographic Survey«, International Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine 5 (1993): 451-485; und M. Maiwald: »Development, Behavior and Psychic Experience in the Prenatal Period and the Consequences for Life History: A Bibliographic Survey«, International Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine 6 (1994): Suppl. 1-48. Weiterfiihrende Bibliographien zu Pionieren der Fotalpsycholo-gie sind zu finden bei: Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, »The Fetal Origins of History«, S. 244-332.
60 Maggie Scarf: Body, Mind, Behavior. New York: Dell Publishing 1976, S. 23-40; Robert C. Goodlin: Care of the Fetus. New York: Masson Publishing 1979, S. 192; Thomas R. Verny: Pre- and Perinatal Psychology: An Introduction. New York: Human Sciences Press 1987, S. 25.
61 K. J. S. Anand und P. R. Hickey: »Pain and Its Effects in the Human Neonate and Fetus«, The New England Journal of Medicine 317 (1987): 1322.
62 Joseph E. LeDoux: »Emotion, Memory and the Brain«, Scientific American, Juni 1994, S. 50-57; John P. Aggleton (Hg.): The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1992; Daniel Goleman: Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books 1995. Dazu, wie in hippocampalen-corticalen Windungen das Langzeitgedachtnis verankert ist, vgl. Gerald Edelman: The Remembered Present: A Biological Theory of Consciousness. New York: Basic Books 1989, S. 129.
63 Robert M. Bradley und Charlotte M. Mistretta: »Fetal Sensory Receptors«, Physiological Reviews 55 (1975): 358; Tryphena Humphrey: »Function of the Nervous System During Prenatal Life«, in: Uwe Stave (Hg.): Physiology of the Perinatal Period. Vol. 2. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1970, S. 754-789.
64 Robert Goodlin: Care of the Fetus, S. 1.
65 A. W. Liley: »The Foetus as Personality«, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 6 (1972): 99-105; Alessandra Piontelli: From Fetus to Child: An Observational and Psychoanalytic Study. London: Tavistock/Rqutledge 1992; A. Ianniruberto und E. Tajani: Ultrasonographic Study of Fetal Movements«, Seminars in Perinatology 5 (1981): 175-181; T. B. Bra-zelton und B. G. Cramer: The Earliest Relationship. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1990.
66 W. E. Rayburn: »Monitoring Fetal Body Movement«, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 3 (1987): 889-911.
67 Jeanette M Soby: Prenatal Exposure to Drugs/Alcohol: Characteristics and Educational Implications of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Cocaine/Polydrug Effects. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas 1994.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 4 321
68 Bibliographische Hinweise in: Christopher Norwood: At Highest Risk: Environmental Hazards to Young and Unborn Children. New York: McGraw-Hill 1980 und Child at Risk: A Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Health, Welfare and Science. Quebec: Canadian Government Publishing Center 1980.
69 R. E. Myers: »Production of Fetal Asphyxia by Maternal Psychological Stress«, Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science 12 (1977): 51-62.
70 John T. Ham, Jr. und Jon Klimo: »Fetal Awareness of Maternal Emotional States During Pregnancy«, Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health 15 (2000): 118-145.
71 New York Newsday, 8. Februar 1994, S. 69.
72 Thomas R. Verny: »Womb Ecology/World Ecology«, Vortrag am »2nd World Congress for Prenatal Educations Athen, 14. Mai 1994.
73 H. P. David et al. (Hg.): Born Unwanted: Developmental Effects of Denied Abortion. Avicenum: Prague 1988.
74 Lester Sontag: implications of Fetal Behavior and Environment for Adult Personalities*, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 134 (1965): 782-786.
75 Robert Goodlin: Care of the Fetus, S. 10; Dennis H. Stott: Redebeitrag im Senat von Kana-da: Standing Senate Committee fur Gesundheit, Wohlfahrt und Wissenschaft. Dritte Sitzung, DreiBigstes Parlament, 1977: »Childhood Experiences of Criminal Behavior«, Beitrag Nr. 1, Zweiter Durchgang, 24. November 1977.
76 Child At Risk: A Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Health, Welfare and Science. Hull: Canadian Government Publishing Center 1980, S. 16.
77 Margaret E. Fries: »Longitudinal Study: Prenatal Period to Parenthood«, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 25 (1977): 115-140; Margaret E. Fries: Marie Coleman Nelson und Paul J. Woolf: »Developmental and Etiological Factors in the Treatment of Character Disorders with Archaic Ego Function«, The Psychoanalytic Review 67 (1980): 337-352.
78 Lorraine Roth Herrenkohl: »The Anxiety-Prone Personality: Effects of Prenatal Stress on the Infant«, in: Roy J. Mathew (Hg.): The Biology of Anxiety. New York: Brunner/Mazel 1982, S. 51-86; Antonio J. Ferreira: »The Pregnant Woman's Emotional Attitude and Its Reflection on the Newborn«, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 30 (1960): 553-556; Child At Risk: A Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Health, Welfare and Science. Hull: Canadian Government Publishing Center 1980; John H. W. Barrett: »Prenatal Influences on Adaptation in the Newborn«, In: Peter Stratton (Hg.): Psychobiology of the Human Newborn. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1982, S. 270; Psychology Today 4 (1971): 49; Abram Blau et al.: »The Psychogenic Etiology of Premature Births«, Psychosomatic Medicine 25 (1963): 201-211; A. J. Ward: »Pre-natal stress and childhood psychopathology«, Child Psychiatry and Human Development 22 (1991): 97-110; Lars Billing et al.: »The Influence of Environmental Factors on Behavioral Problems in 8-Year-Old Children Exposed to Amphetamine During Fetal Life«, Child Abuse & Neglect 18 (1994): 3-9; D. H. Stott: »FoUow-up Study from Birth of the Effects of Prenatal Stress«, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 15 (1973): 770-787; Norman L. Corah et al.: »Effects of Perinatal Anoxia After Seven Years«, Psychological Monographs 79 (1965): 1-32; Sarnoff A. Mednick: »Birth Defects and Schizophrenia«, Psychology Today 4 (1971): 48-50; Sarnoff A. Mednick et al. (Hg.): Fetal Neural Development and Adult Schizophrenia. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991; »Delinquents Said to Have Perinatal Injuries«, Psychiatric News, 1. September 1978, S. 26; David B. Chamberlain: »Prenatal Intelligence^ in: Thomas Blum (Hg.): Prenatal Perception, Learning and Bonding. Berlin: Leonardo Publishers 1993, S. 14-21; A. J. Ward »Prenatal Stress and Childhood Psychopathology«, Child Psychiatry and Human Development 22 (1991): 97-110; Adrian Raine: The Psychopathology of Crime: Criminal Behavior as a Clinical Disorder. San Diego: Academic Press 1993.
79 Elaine Morgan: The Descent of the Child: Human Evolution from a New Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press 1995, S. 78.
80 Adrian Raine, Patricia Brennan, Sarnoff A. Mednick: »Birth Complications Combined With Early Maternal Rejection at Age 1 Year Predispose to Violent Crime at Age 18 Years«, Archives of General Psychiatry 51 (1994): 984-988; Henry P. David, Zilenek Dybrich, Zilenek Matejcek und Vratislav Schuller: Born Unwanted: Developmental Effects of Denied Abortion. New York: Springer Publications 1988.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 4 322
81 The New York Times, 3. Oktober 1995, S. CI und CIO.
82 R. A. Polverini-Rey: Intrauterine Musical Learning: The Soothing Effect on Newborns of a Lullaby Learned Prenatally. Dissertation, Los Angeles: California School of Professional Psychology 1992.
83 Anthony J. DeCasper und W. P. Fifer: »0f Human Bonding: Newborns Prefer Their Mother's Voices«, Science 208 (1980): 1174-1176; P. G. Hepper und S. Shahidullah: »Newborn and Fetal Response to Maternal Voice«, Journal of Reproduction and Infant Psychology 11 (1993): 147-153; Thomas R. Verny: »The Scientific Basis of Pre- and Peri-Natal Psychology: Part 1«, Pre- and Peri-Natal Psychology 3 (1989): 162-164; William P. Fifer: »Neonatal Preference for Mother's Voice«, in: Norman A. Krasnegor et al. (Hg.): Perinatal Development: A Psychobio-logical Perspective. New York: Academic Press 1987, S. 111-115; Robert C. Goodlin: Cry of the Fetus. New York: Masson Publishing 1979, S. 11.
84 Anthony DeCasper: »Studying Learning in the Womb«, Science 225 (1984): S. 384; »Human Fetuses Perceive Maternal Speech«, Behavior Today, 4. Februar 1985, S. 1-7.
85 David B. Chamberlain: »Prenatal Intelligence*, in: Thomas Blum (Hg.): Prenatal Perception, S. 20-21; David Chamberlain: Babies Remember Birth. Los Angeles: Jeremy P. Tarcher 1988.
86 Alessandra Piontelli: From Fetus to Child: An Observational and Psychoanalytic Study. London: Tavistock/Routledge 1992, S. 18.
87 Piontelli: From Fetus to Child, S. 114, 120.
88 Ralph B. Little: »Spider Phobias«, Psychoanalytic Quarterly 36 (1967): 51-60.
89 Leonard Shengold: »The Effects of Overstimulation: Rat People«, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 48 (1967): 409.
90 Ralph B. Little: »Umbilical Cord Symbolism of the Spider's Dropline«, Psychoanalytic Quarterly 35 (1966): 587-590.
91 E. A. S. Butterworth: The Tree at the Navel of the Earth. Berlin: Walter DeGruyter & Co. 1970.
92 Michael Barkun: Disaster and the Millenium. New Haven: Yale University Press 1974.
93 J. F. C. Harrison: The Second Coming: Popular Millenarianism 1780-1850. London: Routled-ge & Kegan Paul 1979.
94 Michael Barkun: Crucible of the Millennium: The Burned-Over District of New York in the 1840s. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press 1986, S. 143.
95 Mircea Eliade: The Myth of the Eternal Return; or, Cosmos and History. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1954; Mircea Eliade: Rites and Symbols of Initiation: The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth. New York: Harper & Row 1958; Norman Cohn: Cosmos, Chaos and the World to Come. New Haven: Yale University Press 1993; Joseph L. Henderson und Maud Oa-kes: The Wisdom of the Serpent: Myths of Death, Rebirth, and Resurrection. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1963.
96 James George Frazer: The Golden Bough. Third Edition. Part VI. The Scapegoat. New York: St. Martin's Press 1913, S. vi.
97 Frank H. Denton und Warren Phillips: »Some Patterns in the History of Violence«, Conflict Resolution 12 (1968): 182-195.
98 John P. Wilson: Trauma, Transformation and Healing: An Integrative Approach to Theory, Research, and Post-Traumatic Therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel 1989, S. 27-33; Bessel A. van der Kolk und Jose Saporta: »The Biological Response to Psychic Trauma: Mechanisms and Treatment of Intrusion and Numbing«, Anxiety Research 4 (1991): 199-212; M. Michele Mur-burg (Hg.): Catecholamine Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Emerging Concepts. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1994.
99 J. Douglas Bremner et al.: »MRI-Based Measurement of Hippocampal Volume in Patients With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder«, American Journal of Psychiatry 152 (1995): 973-980; The New York Times, 1. August 1995, S. C3.
100 Anthony Demasio: Decartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Bantam 1995.
101 Michael Davis: »The Role of the Amygdala in Conditioned Fear«, in: John P. Aggleton (Hg.): The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction. New
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 4 323
York: John Wiley & Sons 1992, S. 255-305; Joseph E. LeDoux: »Emotion and the Amygdala^ in: Ehda., S. 344.
102 Joseph E. LeDoux: »Emotion, Memory and the Brain«, Scientific American, Juni 1994, S. 50-57. Van der Kolk und Saporta: »The Biological Response to Psychic Trauma«, S. 204. Die zwei Gedachtnissysteme von LeDoux sind etwas abgeandert in thalamocorticales und limbis-ches Systeme eingeteilt in: Gerald M. Edelman: The Remembered Present: A Biological Theory of Consciousness. New York: Basic Books 1989, S. 152. Fur multiple Gedachtnissysteme vgl. Daniel L. Schacter und Endel Tulving: Memory Systems 1994. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press 1994.
103 Amputierte fuhlen Schmerzen in den fehlenden GliedmaBen, ein Schmerz, der nur ver-schwindet, wenn der Arzt eine »Spiegel-Schachtel« bereitstellt, sodass es dem Amputierten moglich ist, seine wiederhergestellten PhantomgliedmaBen zu »sehen«; vgl. U. S. News & World Report, 2. Oktober 1995, S. 78. Es ist somit nachvollziehbar, dass sich Leute in Grup-pen zusammenfinden, um ihre »phantom placentas« wiederherzustellen.
104 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots 1982, S. 289.
105 Carolyn Marvin und David W. Ingle: Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem Rituals and the American Flag. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999.
106 John Roscoe: The Baganda: An Account of Their Native Customs and Beliefs. New York: Frank Cass & Co. 1965 (1911).
107 Alvin H. Lawson: »Perinatal Imagery in UFO Abduction Reports«, The Journal of Psychohistory 12 (1984): 211-239.
108 Ebda., S. 218.
109 Lloyd deMause: Reagan's America. New York: Creative Roots 1984.
110 Herbert Childs: An American Genius: The Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence. New York: Dut-ton 1968, S. 340.
111 Ira Chernus: Dr. Strangegod: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press 1986, S. 86.
112 Charles L. Mee, Jr.: Meeting at Postsdam. New York: Evans and Co. 1975, S. 29.
113 Thomas Merton: Original Child Bomb. New York: New Directions 1962.
114 Carol Cohn: »>Clean Bombs< and Clean Language«, in: Jean Bethke Elshtain und Sheila Tobias (Hg.): Women, Militarism, and War: Essays in History, Politics, and Social Theories. Savage, MD: Rowman & Littlefield 1990, S. 41.
115 Robert J. Lifton: The Broken Connection. New York: Simon & Schuster 1979, S. 371.
116 James Gilligan: Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and Its Causes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1992, S. 195-196.
117 Lloyd deMause: Reagan's America. New York: Creative Roots 1984, S. 66.
118 William K. Joseph: »Prediction, Psychology and Economics«, The Journal of Psychohistory 15 (1987): 110-111.
119 Duncan Lindsey: The Welfare of Children. New York: Oxford University Press 1994, S. 224.
120 Ebda., S. 214.
121 Lars-Erik Nelson: »Welfare Plan Will Dump Children on the Streets«, Liberal Opinion Week, 18. September 1995, S. 3.
122 New York Times, 23. Oktober 1995, S. A15; The New York Times, 6. November 1995, S. A17.
123 The Washington Post, 26. Februar 1995, S. C7.
5. Die psychogene Geschichtstheorie
1 Emile Durkheim: Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Glencoe, IL: Free Press 1951; Incest: The Nature and Origin of the Taboo. New York: L. Stuart 1963.
2 Emile Durkheim: The Rules of the Sociological Method. Glencoe, IL: Free Press 1962 (1895), S. 110.
3 Thomas J. Scheff: Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism, and War. Boulder: Westview Press 1994, S. 63. Scheff s Arbeit bildet eine Ausnahme hinsichtlich dieser Tradition. Zwei friihere Theorien uber soziale Veranderung, die psychologische Ansatze enthielten, wurden von Akademikern ignoriert: Everett Hagen: On the Theory of Social Change. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press 1962, und David McClelland: The Achieving Society. New York: Van Nostrand 1961.
4 Michael A. Milburn und S. D. Conrad: »The Politics of Deniak, The Journal of Psychohisto-ry 23 (1996): 238.
5 G. P. Murdock: »The Science of Culture«, American Anthropologist, 34 (1932): 200.
6 Raymond Firth: Elements of Social Organization. New York: Philosophical Library 1956, S. 224.
7 Paul Veyne: Writing History. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press 1984, S. 183.
8 Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan. Baltimore: Penguin Books 1968, S. 186. Wie wenig sich die Psy-chologie sozialen Handelns fur die meisten Sozialtheoretiker geandert hat, zeigt John Sinisi: »The Shadow of Hobbes«, Rethinking Marxism 7 (1994): 87-99.
9 George P. Brockway: The End of Economic Man: Principles of Any Future Economics. New York: HarperCollins 1986, S. 16.
10 Bessel A. van der Kolk: »The Trauma Spectrum: The Interaction of Biological and Social Events in the Genesis of the Trauma Response«, Journal of Traumatic Stress 1 (1988): 276.
11 Lenore Terr: Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood. New York: Harper & Row 1990, S. 30.
12 Lisa Goodman und Jay Peters: »Persecutory Alters and Ego States: Protectors, Friends, and Allies«, Dissociation 8 (1995): 92.
13 Ebda., S. 93-94.
14 Spencer Eth und Robert S. Pynoos: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1985, S. 142.
15 Bessel A. van der Kolk: »The Compulsion to Repeat the Trauma: Re-enactment, Revictimiza-tion, and Masochism«, Psychiatric Clinics of North America 12 (1989): 389-411.
16 James Gilligan: Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and Its Causes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1996.
17 David Sandber et al.: »Sexual Abuse and Revictimization: Mastery, Dysfunctional Learning, and Dissociation^ in: Steven Jay Lynn und Judith W. Rhue (Hg.): Dissociation: Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives. New York: Guilford Press 1994, S. 244.
18 Ebda.
19 Sue Taylor Parker et al. (Hg.): Self-Awareness in Animals and Humans: Developmental Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press 1994.
20 Michael Eigen: The Psychotic Core. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson 1986, S. 29.
21 Arnold H. Modell: The Private Self. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1993.
22 Lenore Terr: Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood. New York: Harper & Row 1990; Bessel A. van der Kolk et al. (Hg.): Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society. New York: Guilford Press 1996; Spencer Eth und Robert S. Pynoos: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1985.
23 James F. Masterson: The Search for the Real Self: Unmasking the Personality Disorders of Our Age. New York: The Free Press 1988, S. 61.
24 Charles W. Socarides: The Preoedipal Origin and Psychoanalytic Therapy of Sexual Perversions. Madison, CT: International Universities Press 1988.
25 Ebda., S. 159.
26 Masterson: The Search for the Real Self, S. 10.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 5 325
27 Lloyd deMause: »The Evolution of Childhood«, in: Lloyd deMause (Hg.): The History of Childhood. New York: Psychohistory Press 1974, S. 1.
28 Michael A. Milburn und S. D. Conrad: »The Politics of Deniak, The Journal of Psychohistory 23 (1996): 238-251.
29 The Washington Post National Weekly, 24.-30. Juli 1995, S. 8; WNBC-TV: »Rage and Betrayal*, 11. April 1996; WABC News Special, 11. April 1996; The New York Times, 31. Dezem-ber 1995, S. 24; Brandon M. Stickney: »All-American Monster«: The Unauthorized Biography of Timothy McVeigh. Amherst: Prometheus Books 1996; The New York Times, 13. Mai 1997, S. A14.
30 Danielle Hunt, Leiterin der Tagesbetreuungsstatte, sagte auf »Rivera Live«, CNBC-TV, 10. Ju-ni 1997, sie ware »absolut sicher, dass der Besucher McVeigh war«.
31 Richard P. Kluft: »Basic Principles in Conducting the Psychotherapy of Multiple Personality Disorder«, in: Richard P. Kluft und Catherine G. Fine (Hg.): Clinical Perspectives on Multiple Personality Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1993, S. 39.
32 Theresa K. Albini und Terri E. Pease: »Normal and Pathological Dissociations of Early Childhood*, Dissociation 2 (1989): 144.
33 Doris Bryant, Judy Kessler und Lynda Shirar: The Family Inside: Working With the Multiple. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. 1974.
34 Ebda., S. 80-99.
35 J. 0. Beahrs: »Co-Consciousness: A Common Denominator in Hypnosis, Multiple Personality, and Normalcy«, American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 26 (1983): 100.
36 John F. Schumaker: The Corruption of Reality: A Unified Theory of Religion, Hypnosis, and Psychopathology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books 1995, S. 82-83, 163.
37 D. W. Winnicott: »The Use of an Object and Relating Through Identifications*, International Journal of Psychoanalysis 48 (1967): 87.
38 D. W. Winnicott: The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. New York: International Universities Press 1965.
39 Richard M. Restak: »Possible Neurophysiological Correlates of Empathy«, in: Joseph Lichten-berg et al. (Hg.): Empathy I. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press 1984, S. 70.
40 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots 1982, S. 188; Joe Berghold: »The Social Trance: Psychological Obstacles to Progress in History«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 221-243; Jerrold Atlas: Understanding the Correlation between Childhood Punishment and Adult Hypnotizability as It Impacts on the Command Power of Modern >Charismatic< Political Leaders«, The Journal of Psychohistory 17 (1990): 309-318.
41 Catherine G. Fine: »The Cognitive Sequelae of Incest«, in: Richard F. Kluft (Hg.): Incest-Related Syndromes of Adult Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1990, S. 169-171.
42 W. R. Bion: Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock 1961; W. R. Bion: Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann 1962; Richard D. Mann mit Graham S. Gibbard und John J. Hartman: Interpersonal Styles and Group Development: An Analysis of the Member-Leader Relationship. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1967; Graham S. Gibbard, John J. Hartman, Richard D. Mann (Hg.): Analysis of Groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers 1974; Didier Anzieu: The Group and the Unconscious. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1984; Howard Stein: Organizational Psychohistory«, The Journal of Psychohistory 21 (1993): 97-114; C. Fred Alford: Group Psychology and Political Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press 1995.
43 Margaret Thaler Singer: Cults in Our Midst: The Hidden Menace in Our Everyday Lives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass 1995, S. 5.
44 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots 1982, S. 192.
45 Stanley Milgram: Obedience to Authority. New York: Harper & Row 1974.
46 Ebda., 152.
47 Arthur G. Miller: The Obedience Experiments: A Case Study of Controversy in Social Science. New York: Praeger Scientific 1986.
48 Ebda., S. 76.
49 Ebda., S. 78-79, 148.
50 Ebda., S. 60.
326 Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 5
51 Irving I. Janus: Victims of Groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1982, S. 70.
52 Uber das Entstehen von personlicher und sozialer Gewalt im Zusammenhang mit Schande siehe James Gilligan: Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and Its Causes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1996.
53 Dave Grossman: On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1995, S. 3.
54 Ebda., S. 88.
55 Ebda., S. 13.
56 Ebda., S. 99-113.
57 Josephine Hilgard: Personality and Hypnosis: A Study of Imaginative Involvement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1970; Jerrold Atlas: Understanding the Correlation between Childhood Punishment and Adult Hypnotizability as It Impacts on the Command Power of Modern >Charismatic< Political Leaders«, The Journal of Psychohistory 17 (1990): 309-318.
58 Michael A. Milburn und S. D. Conrad: »The Politics of Deniak, The Journal of Psychohistory 23 (1996): 238-250.
59 Samuel P. Oliner und Pearl M. Oliner: The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. New York: The Free Press 1988.
60 Vgl. Frank W. Putnam: Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford 1989, S. 55, fur eine Bibliographie diesbzuglicher Studien.
61 Ebda., S. 47-49.
62 John E. Mack: Abduction: Human Encounters With Aliens. New York: Scribner's 1994; Frank W. Putnam: »Dissociative Phenomena«, in: David Spiegel (Hg.): Dissociative Disorders: A Clinical Review. Lutherville, MD: The Sidran Press 1993, S. 2-4.
63 Ervin Staub: The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989, S. 101.
64 Michele Stephen: A'aisa's Gifts: A Study of Magic and the Self. Berkeley: University of California Press 1995, S. 83. Es handelt sich hier um den Stamm der Mekeo auf Neuguinea; der gefallene Stab in der Kauri Muschel ist ein deutliches Symbol fur Impotenz.
65 Gilbert Herdt: »Spirit Familiars in the Religious Imagination of Sambia Shamans«, in: Gilbert Herdt und Michele Stephen (Hg.): The Religious Imagination in New Guinea. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 1989, S. 99-121.
66 Erika Bourguignon: »Dreams and Altered States of Consciousness in Anthropological Research", in: F. K. L Hsu (Hg.): Psychological Anthropology, 2nd ed. Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press 1972, S. 418.
67 Robert Katz: »Education for Transcendence: !Kia-Healing with the Kalahari !Kung«, in: Richard B. Lee und I. DeVore (Hg.): Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1976, S. 76.
68 Erika Bourguignon: »Dreams and Altered States of Consciousness in Anthropological Research*; Eugene G. d'Aquili et al.: The Spectrum of Ritual: A Biogenetic Structural Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press 1979; Ronald C. Simmons et al.: »The Psychobiology of Trance«, Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review (1988): 249-288; Ede Frecska und Zsuz-sanna Kulcsar: »Social Bonding in the Modulation of the Physiology of Ritual Trance«, Ethos 17 (1989): 70-94.
69 Peter Brown: The Hypnotic Brain: Hypnotherapy and Social Communication. New Haven: Yale University Press 1991, S. 115-118.
70 Angefuhrt bei Morris Berman: Coming to Our Senses: Body and Spirit in the Hidden History of the West. New York: Simon & Schuster 1989, S. 286.
71 Josephine Hilgard: Personality and Hypnosis: A Study of Imaginative Involvement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1970; vgl. Jerrold Atlas: Understanding the Correlation Between Childhood Punishment and Adult Hypnotizability as It Impacts on the Command Power of Modern >Charismatic< Political Leaders«, The Journal of Psychohistory 17 (1990): 309-318, und Joe Berghold: »The Social Trance: Psychological Obstacles to Progress in History«, The Journal of Psychohistory 19 (1991): 221-243.
72 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots 1982, S. 194-217.
Anmerkungen zu Kapitel 5 327
73 Casper Schmidt: »The Abnormally Popular George Bush«, The Journal of Psychohistory 18 (1990): 123-134; Howard Stein: Organizational Psychohistory«, The Journal of Psychohistory 21 (1993): 97-114; David Beisel: »Thoughts Concerning Some Objections to Group-Fantasy Analysis«, The Journal of Psychohistory 9 (1982): 237-240; Paul H. Elovitz et al.: »On Doing Fantasy Analysis«, The Journal of Psychohistory 13 (1985): 207-228.
74 C. Fisher: »Subliminal (Preconscious) Perception: The Microgenesis of Unconscious Fantasy«, in: H. Blum et al. (Hg.): Fantasy, Myth and Reality. Madison, CT: International Universities Press 1988, S. 93-108.
75 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory; Reagan's America; »>Heads and Tails<: Money As a Poison Containers The Journal of Psychohistory 16 (1988): 1-18; »America's Search for a Fighting Leader«, The Journal of Psychohistory 20 (1992): 121-134.
76 Zu Techniken zur Herbeifuhrung von Trance vgl. Milton Erickson: The Nature of Hypnosis and Suggestion. New York: Irvington Publishers 1980; Milton Erickson und Ernest Rossi: Hypnotherapy: An Exploratory Casebook. New York: Irvington Publishers 1987, und Stephen Lankton und Carol Lankton: The Answer Within: A Clinical Framework of Ericksonian Hypnotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel 1983.
77 Jack Germond und Jules Witcover: Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984. New York: Macmillan 1985, S. 430.
78 William S. Condon: »Neonatal entrainment and enculturation«, in: Margaret Bullowa (Hg.): Before Speech: The Beginnings of Interpersonal Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press 1979, S. 131-169.
79 Didier Anzieu: The Group and the Unconscious. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1984, S. 160-161.
80 Graham S. Gibbard und John J. Hartman: »The Significance of Utopian Fantasies in Small Groups«, The International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 23 (1973): 125-147.
81 Carol R. Ember und Melvin Ember: »Issues in Cross-Cultural Studies of Interpersonal Violence*, in: R. Barry Rubach und Neil Alan Weiner (Hg.): Interpersonal Violent Behaviors: Social and Cultural Aspects. New York: Springer Publishing Co. 1995, S. 32-33.
82 Barbara Ehrenreich: Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of War. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1997, S. 74-75.
83 Gilbert H. Herdt (Hg.): Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia. Berkeley: University of California Press 1984.
84 Norman Cohn: Cosmos, Chaos and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith. New Haven: Yale University Press 1993, S. 22 und 54.
85 Fitz John Porter Poole: »Coming into Social Being: Cultural Images of Infants in Binim-Ku-skusmin Folk Psychology«, in: Geoffrey M. White und John Kirkpatrick (Hg.): Person, Self, and Experience: Exploring Pacific Ethnopsychologies. Berkeley: University of California Press 1985, S. 194.
86 J. H. M. Beattie: »On Understanding Sacrifices in: M. F. C. Bourdillon und Meyer Fortes: Sacrifice. New York: Academic Press 1980, S. 42.
87 Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf. Berlin: Zentralverlag der NSDAP 1938, S. 430.
88 Michael C. C. Adams: The Great Adventure: Male Desire and the Coming of World War I. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press 1990, S. 51.
89 Lloyd deMause: »>Heads and Tails<: Money As a Poison Containers The Journal of Psychohistory 16 (1988): 1-18.
90 Casper G. Schmidt: »The Use of the Gallup Poll as a Psychohistorical Took, Journal of Psychohistory 10 (1982): 141-162.
91 Theodore H. Gaster: Thespis: Ritual, Myth and Drama in the Ancient Near East. New York: Henry Schuman 1950, S. 4-10.
92 James George Frazer: The Golden Bough: The Dying God. New York: St. Martin's Press 1911.
93 Susan Dunn: The Deaths of Louis XVI: Regicide and the French Political Imagination. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1994, S. 15.
94 Sam Janus et al.: A Sexual Profile of Men in Power. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hah 1977, S. 101 und 170.
95 Rudolph Binion: Hitler among the Germans. New York: Elsevier 1976.
96 Michele Stephen: »Contrasting Images of Power«, in: Michele Stephen (Hg.): Sorcerer and Witch in Melanesia. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 1987, S. 280.
97 Eli Sagan: At the Dawn of Tyranny: The Origins of Individualism, Political Oppression, and the State. Santa Fe: FishDrum Magazine Press 1993, S. 122.
98 Bradd Shore: »Mana and Tapu«, in: Allan Howard und Robert Borofsky (Hg.): Developments in Polynesian Ethnology. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1989, S. 142.
99 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory and Reagan's America; Casper Schmidt: »The Use of the Gallup Poll as a Psychohistorical Took, The Journal of Psychohistory 10 (1982): 141-162; Casper Schmidt: »A Differential Poison Index from the Gallup Polk, The Journal of Psychohistory 10 (1983): 523-532; Daniel Dervin: Enactments: American Modes and Psycho-historical Models. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 1996; Lloyd deMause: »Shoo-ting at Clinton, Prosecuting 0. J., and Other Sacrificial Rituals«, The Journal of Psychohistory 22 (1995): 378-393. Diese Untersuchungen wurden alle fur Phasen amerikanischer Fiih-rerschaft durchgefuhrt und mussen erst an den Gruppenfantasien anderer Nationen iiber-priift werden.
100 Casper Schmidt: »The Use of The Gallup Poll as a Psychohistorical Took, The Journal of Psychohistory 10 (1982): 141-151.
101 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 245-332. 102Ebda., S. 153-155.
103Ebda., S. 154-158.
104 Lloyd deMause: »American Purity Crusades«, The Journal of Psychohistory 14 (1987): S. 345-348.
105 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 86-88.
106 Charles W. Socarides: The Preoedipal Origin and Psychoanalytic Therapy of Sexual Perversions. Madison, CT: International Universities Press 1988, S. 17.
107 Charles B. Strozier: Apocalypse: On the Psychology of Fundamentalism in America. Boston: Beacon Press 1994.
108 Lloyd deMause: Foundations of Psychohistory, S. 160.
109 William Greider: Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country. New York: Simon and Schuster 1987, S. 300.
110 William K. Joseph: »Prediction, Psychology and Economics«, The Journal of Psychohistory 15 (1987): 101-112; William K. Joseph: »Will Peace Panic the Market?«, The Journal of Psychohistory 16 (1989): 405-409. Siehe auch Lloyd deMause: Reagan's America.
111 Business Week, 1. Juli 1996, S. 22.
112 David G. Myers und Ed Diener: »The Pursuit of Happiness«, Scientific American, Mai 1996, S. 70.
113 Lloyd deMause: Reagan's America, S. 56-57.
114 Ptolemy Tompkins: This Tree Grows Out of Hell: Mesoamerica and the Search for the Magical Body. San Francisco: Harper 1990, S. 120.
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